Public toilets are classified according to the flushing method, which can be divided into two categories: water-flushed public toilets and dry toilets.
Water-flushing public toilets refer to the access to water equipment in public toilet facilities, through special equipment such as water tanks and flushing valves to flush the user’s excrement with water, and to block the odor of excrement with water. It is characterized by the easy maintenance of public toilets and the centralized treatment of fecal excrement. In Chinese cities, water-flushed public toilets are a form of public toilet that is mainly promoted. However, in northern China and some water-scarce cities, there are still some difficulties in directly using tap water to flush toilets, and exploring other methods such as reclaimed water to flush toilets is an important issue for public toilet managers.
Dry toilets are when the user’s excrement goes directly into the storage facility without being flushed with water. It can be divided into two types, one is the traditional dry toilet, feces and other excrement directly discharged into the septic tank, to be stored in a certain amount of mechanical or manual removal, transported to the centralized treatment plant for disposal. The other is the modern dry toilet, which can be used to collect excrement in a special plastic bag by automatic packaging, and then transport it to a designated location for disposal; or discharge the excrement directly into a biochemical treatment device to dispose of excrement such as feces on the spot. This modern dry toilet is still in the exploratory research stage as of this century, but because it can save a lot of water resources, it has a broad application prospect.
Microbial decomposition is the harmless treatment of manure by microorganisms and decomposes it into organic fertilizer, which can be used for crop production and soil improvement. It is characterized by the fact that there is no need for water flushing, no need to build sewage pipes, which can save a lot of water resources and protect the ecological environment. However, compared with water flushing, the microbial processing speed is slower, and it is necessary to regularly haul and empty the organic fertilizer reservoir, and the operation and maintenance in areas with high traffic is not timely, or there is no one in remote areas.
