History
It was only when China entered the slave society that it began to appear. The earliest mention of public toilets in ancient China was the Zhou Li.
According to archaeological data, there were public toilets in the cities in the Xia and Shang dynasties, and the toilets in the Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods were quite deep, so someone accidentally fell into the toilet and died, and the “Left Biography” records that Hou of Jin fell into the toilet and died.
In the Qin and Han Dynasties, it was called “toilet”, “圊”, “溷”, “Qing”, “Xuan”, “place of changing clothes”, etc. In the tombs of the Eastern Han Dynasty in Nanyang, not only were there two toilets for men and women, but also one of them had a urinary trough in front of the pit, and the other did not, and the shape system was no different from modern times.
During the Ming and Qing dynasties, toilets and bathrooms in China became more popular, and basically a house had to be equipped with a toilet at the same time.
Nowadays
Public toilets
The evolution of the toilet is from the pit to the hut, toilet, toilet, toilet, washroom, from scratch, from private to public, from a single function to set physiological metabolism, hygiene adjustment, rest and even aesthetic, commercial, cultural and other multi-functional, toilet innovation step by step from civilization to progress.
In 1852, London, England, built the world’s first flush toilet public toilet.
The earliest charge for public toilets in China was in the Qing Dynasty’s Qingfeng Period “Yanjing Miscellaneous Records” “Jingshi Four Clans entered must be paid a dollar”.
In 1994, Shanghai began to implement the opening of toilets in units along the street.
The World Toilet Association, another international organization after the WTO and the World Tourism Organization, has designated November 19 as World Toilet Day, the first World Toilet Summit was held in Singapore on November 19, 2001, and the World Toilet Summit was held in Beijing on November 19, 2004.
Toilets in cities are an essential part of urban infrastructure. It can facilitate people’s lives and meet the needs of physiological functions; it is the main place and facility for collecting, storing and initially treating urban feces; and the public toilet facilities as urban buildings are themselves one of the cultural landscapes. Public toilets are a cultural symbol of society, whether it is the attitude to toilets, the way of use, or the architectural design, they reflect the customs and customs and ethical standards of different countries and nationalities. From the simple and random place of physiological metabolism to the dual functions of physiological metabolism, hygiene and tidying, rest and even aesthetics, business, culture and so on, it essentially constitutes the change and progress of people’s concept of life and environmental awareness.
Public toilets have become one of the windows of the image of modern urban civilization, reflecting the development level of urban material civilization and spiritual civilization.
